Boie’nen Consonants:
• b [b] (as in “boy”); boyo
• k [k] (as in “key”); kin
• d [d] (as in “dog”); dogkol
• g [g] (as in “go”); gobtik
• l [l] (as in “love”); lobot
• m [m] (as in “man”); manok
• n [n] (as in “no”); noyog
• ng [ŋ] (digraph, as in “sing”—a velar nasal; treated as one sound); singsing
• p [p] (as in “pen”); pene’
• r [ɾ] (as in Spanish “pero”—a tapped “r”, not trilled); pereng
• s [s] (as in “see”); si
• t [t] (as in “top”)
• w [w] (doubles as semivowel and consonant)
• y [j] (doubles as semivowel and consonant)
• x [ʁ] (A voiced uvular fricative [ʁ], is produced by raising the back of the tongue toward the uvula, creating a slight constriction that allows air to flow smoothly, resulting in a raspy, guttural sound. Unlike rhotic sounds (e.g., English [ɹ]), /X/ lacks any “r”-like quality, distinguishing it from sounds like the French [ʁ] in Paris ([paʁi]).