see: kin
Analysis of the Boie'nen Connector "kin"
The connector "kin" in Boie'nen plays a crucial role in forming conditional and temporal relationships between clauses.
1. Conditional Connector
- Function:
"Kin" acts as a conditional conjunction, similar to "if" in English, when used with verbs in the future tense.
- Example:
"Omalin ako kin pomadidi ika" (I will leave if you come here).
2. Temporal Connector
Function:
"Kin" indicates "when" when used with verbs indicating completed or ongoing actions.
Examples:
- "Omalin ako kin pomadididí ika" (I will leave when you come here).
- "Mialenen ako kin pominadidina ika" (I will be leaving when you have already come here).
3. With Verbs of Inquiry
Function:
The verb base "onga'en" (to ask) always takes the connector "kin" or "ta".
- *Examples*:
- "Onga'en mo iya kin mialinen na iya?" (Ask him if he's now leaving?)
4. Functions of "Kin" in Interrogative Clause
- Introducing a question: "Kin" serves to link the main clause ("Onga'en mo iya") to the interrogative clause ("sí-isay yo pominadidi").
- Indicating the scope of inquiry: "Kin" help specify the nature of the question being asked.
"Onga'en mo iya kin sí-isay yo pominadidi" (Ask him who came here).
5. In Specific Agglutinative Phrases
- *Examples*:
- "kinmínsan" (sometimes)
- "kinkaya'ngani" (if that's the case)
- "kinkinaono" (some other time)
- "kindi'/kinindi'" (or else)
- "kin Lonis" (on Mondays)
Nuances and Implications
Conditionality:
"Kin" conveys doubt or possibility when used with future tense verbs.
Temporality:
"Kin" indicates certainty or expectation when used with completed or ongoing actions.
Contextual dependence:
The meaning of "kin" depends on the verb form, context, and speaker's intention.