Boie'nen (Old Buhi Language)

ono

Sense 1

English: Translation

1. what?; what thing?; what action? Used as the productive interrogative root from which numerous verbal, nominal, and adverbial interrogatives are derived.

Sense 2

English: Translation

2. An indefinite placeholder equivalent to thingamajig, whatchamacallit, so-and-so, or something when the precise name or action is unknown or intentionally omitted.

Sense 3

English: Translation

3. expr. yes. (informal; less polite than ompo’.)

Morphology

[ROOT] pro-form; interr.; expr. form

Notes

ONO Morphological Paradigm

Function	Formula	Form	Gloss
Root	ROOT	ono	what?; something; yes (informal)
AF Future	mag- + ROOT	magono	what will/do?
AF Progressive	ni- + ROOT	niono	what is doing?
AF Perfective (OM)	-omin- + ROOT	ominono	what did do?
Eventive	na- + ROOT	naono	what happened?
Eventive (emphatic)	na- + pa- + ROOT	napaono	what exactly happened?
AF Perfective (MAG)	nag- + ROOT	nagono	what did do?
PF Future	ROOT + -on	onoon	what shall be done?
PF Progressive	ni- + ROOT + -en	nionoen	what is being done?
PF Contemplated	mi- + ROOT + -en	mionoen	what are we going to do?
PF Prospective	o- + ROOT + -en	oonoen	what ought to be done?
PF Imperative	ROOT + -i	onoi	do something to it
APF Future	ROOT + -an	onoan	what is it for?
APF Perfective	in- + ROOT + -an	inonoan	what was done with it?
APF Progressive	pi- + ROOT + -an	pionoan	what is being used for?
Instrument	pang- + ROOT	pangono	what tool?
Manner	pa- + ROOT	paono	how?
Relational	ka- + ROOT	kaono	how are things or persons related?
Reciprocal/Relational	mag- + kaono	magkaono	how much?; how are they related?
Agent	taga- + ROOT	tagaono	assigned to do what?
Habitual Agent	para- + ROOT	paraono	what does someone usually do?
Iterative	pa- + ROOT + ROOT	paonoono	just hanging around; however one manages
Temporal	kina- + ROOT	kinaono	when?
Expressive	oro- + ROOT	oroono	sulk; pout
Expressive Progressive	ni- + oroono	nioroono	sulking; cranky
Recursive Reduplication	ni- + onoono	nionoono	fussy; cranky; whimpering
Stative	naka- + ROOT	nakaono	how situated? what condition?
Potential	maka- + ROOT	makaono	what might happen? what might be able to do?
Recursive Resolution	pi- + naono	pinaono	how was it handled? resolved?
Comparative	baga + ROOT	bagaono	how much?; resembling what?
Purpose	sa- + ROOT	saono	for what?
Indefinite	maski + ROOT	maskiono	whatever
Indefinite Relation	maski + arin	maskiarin	whichever
Discourse	nya + maskiono	nyamaskiono	oh whatever; who cares
Recursive Indefinite	nya + maski + pinaono	nyamaskipinaono	however it was handled—I don’t care
Recursive Potential	nya + maski + makaono	nyamaskimakaono	whatever may happen or be done—I don’t care
Recursive Temporal	nya + maski + kasoono	nyamaskikasoono	whenever that was—I don’t care

Linguistic History

The ono family demonstrates the breadth of Boie’nen derivational morphology, participating productively across voice, aspect, focus, manner, purpose, relation, degree, agency, instrumentality, location, and indefiniteness. Many derivatives have become lexicalized while remaining morphologically transparent, and some themselves serve as the bases for further derivation through recursive agglutination, in which previously derived forms are reanalyzed as new stems for additional morphological expansion. —XXX— As a result, the ono paradigm provides one of the clearest illustrations of the Boie’nen highly productive, hierarchical derivational system and serves as a model for understanding the language’s agglutinative morphology.

Source

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