iraya / Iraya

Word class: Adjective; adverb; proper noun
Morphological status: Root lexeme; place name

1. iraya

Upstream; upriver; toward the source or higher course of a river or stream.

Examples

Agko sagpeng sa iraya kaya’ da’ nibolos a tobig didi sa’ten.
“There is a blockage upstream; that is why the water is not flowing down to us here.”

Yo sagep sa iraya ibinetang.
“The dam was placed upstream.”

2. Iraya

A barangay and place name in Buhi, Camarines Sur.

Directional construction

pa-Iraya
pa- + Iraya
Toward Iraya; in the direction of Iraya.

Si Ed pa-Iraya.
“Ed is headed toward Iraya.”

Semantic note

The two senses are historically and semantically related rather than accidental homophones:

• iraya — the upstream direction
• Iraya — the barangay bearing the directional place name

Semantic domains: Earth, geology and landscape; directions; names; place names; government and law