,(ki)

1. Recipient / beneficiary

Marks the named person to whom something is given, transferred, directed, or intended.

I-ta’o mo adi ki Dondoy.
“Give this to Dondoy.”

Compare:

Rigalo ni Abring ki Patsing.
“Abring’s gift for Patsing.”

Here the contrast is particularly revealing:

ni Abring = Abring as possessor/source relation
ki Patsing = Patsing as recipient/beneficiary.

2. Personal goal / destination

Marks a named person as the endpoint of motion, commonly understood pragmatically as going to that person, to where that person is, or to that person’s place.

Mipontaen kami ki Potsoy.
“We are going to Potsoy.”

Depending on context: “We are going to Potsoy’s place.”

This is therefore the personal counterpart of locative/directional sa:

sa + common/place NP ↔ ki + personal name

3. Possessive / belonging relation

Marks a named person as the person to whom something belongs.

Ki Dondoy ading baxey.
“This is Dondoy’s house.”

This is structurally important because ki is not merely an English-like preposition “to.” Its semantic core is broader: a relational association centered on a named person.

Compare:

Baxey ni Abring.
“Abring’s house.”

versus

Ki Dondoy ading baxey.
“This house is Dondoy’s / This is Dondoy’s house.”

Avoiding defining ki simply as “dative.” Personal relational marker is safer.

Usage note: Distinguish ki from kin “if; when; conditional/temporal connector.” They are separate lexemes.