[in-]
Category: Infix (completed / resultative aspect)
Function
Marks:
- Completed / perfective action
- Result achieved (patient or affected entity emphasized)
- Compatible with dynamic and stative roots
Focuses on the result/state rather than the actor.
Morphophonemic Rules
| Stem Type | Form |
| Consonant-initial | C + -in- + rest of stem (true infix) |
| Vowel-initial | in- + stem (prefix) |
Examples:
g-in-iseng → giniseng
awake-ACT.PFV → ‘awakened’
t-in-emtem → tinemtem
wet-ACT.PFV → ‘drenched thoroughly’
in-item → initem
black-ACT.PFV → ‘blackened’
p-in-okan → pinokan
fall-ACT.PFV → ‘felled’
t-in-orog → tinorog
sleep-ACT.PFV → ‘slept off’
Tinorog na sana yo keleg.
‘slept off the pain’
Glossing Convention
- CMPL or PFV = completed / perfective
- Interlinear: C‑in‑stem → CMPL/stem meaning
Cross-References
[-omin-] → actor-focus completed
- [pina-] → patient/caused completed
Usage Rule\
- *Placement*:
- If the verb root starts with a vowel, -in- is prefixed to the base (e.g., in- + alin = inalin, meaning "removed").
- If the verb root starts with a consonant, -in- is infixed between the first consonant and the first vowel of the base (e.g., segnad + -in- = sinegnad, meaning "cooked").
Examples\
- *Segnad* (to cook) + -in- = *Sinegnad* (cooked)\
- *Ta'o* (to give) + -in- = *Tina'o* (given)\
- *Dereka'* (to tickle) + -in- = *Dinereka'* (was tickled)
## Note on Combination with Mag- Prefix
When combined with the prefix mag- and the infix -in-, it can convey a different meaning, such as "to act like" the object in the base (e.g., imoy + mag- + -in- = maginimoy, meaning "to act like a monkey"). This combination is specific to mag- + -in- and not directly related to the -in- affix alone.
The -in- affix provides a way to form past tense verbs and convey completed actions, adding nuance to verb conjugation in Boie'nen.
[-in-]
Type: Infix / Prefix
Class: Aspect
Core Meaning
👉 Completed / result achieved
Rules
- C-in-root → consonant initial
- in-root → vowel initial
Examples
- sinegnad → cooked
- tinorog → slept off
🔑 FINAL DEFINITION
-in-: perfective infix marking completed action with focus on resulting state.
- \