nitoga’
Sense 1
English: Translation
confessing; revealing the truth; divulging information.
Example Sentence
Pitoga’ niya yo mga sikrito.
English: Example Sentence
He/She is revealing secrets.
Sense 2
English: Translation
erupting; actively spewing lava, rocks, ash, or other volcanic material.
Example Sentence
Nitoga’ a Ma’yeng.
English: Example Sentence
Mayon is erupting.
Notes
nitoga’
v. AF.IPFV
Internalization
ni- + toga’
Actor-focus imperfective/progressive form denoting an action that is ongoing or in progress.
USAGE
Kamato’ran a pitoga’ niya.
“What he/she is telling is the truth.”
(Lit. “Truth is what he/she is revealing.”)
Yo nitoga’ yo Ma’yeng mari’genandax ko.
“While Mayon was erupting, I was very anxious.”
COMPARE
itinoga’ (i- + (T) + -in- + (T)OGA’)
Patient-focus perfective: “revealed; made known; confessed; spewed out.”
| Form | Morphological Formula | Voice / Aspect | Core Meaning | Lexical Status |
| toga’ | ||||
| tomoga’ | ||||
| nagtoga’ | ||||
| pitoga’ | ||||
| patoga’en | ||||
| panoga’ | ||||
| itinoga’ | i- + (T) + -in- + (T)OGA’ | Patient Focus (Perfective) | Productive, polysemous | |
| nitoga’ | ni- + toga’ | Actor Focus (Progressive / Imperfective) | revealing; confessing; erupting | Productive, polysemous |
| toga’toga’ | REDUP + toga’ | Iterative / expressive | make empty promises; repeatedly promise without fulfilling | Idiomatic derivative |
Linguistic History
Across both semantic domains, the underlying concept remains bringing forth what was previously hidden or contained. In human discourse this refers to revealing information or confessing; in volcanology it refers to the expulsion of volcanic material.