TOBO’
v.
to sprout; emerge; grow; develop naturally from a surface, substrate, or living body.
Used especially of mushrooms, teeth, moss, shoots, hair, and other organic growth.
USAGE
Agko mga tominobo’ sa kinamokam.
“Things have sprouted in the swidden field.”
Tominobo’ na yo ngipen.
“The tooth has already erupted.”
Pitobo’an ngipen a agin.
“The child is teething.”
or
“A teething child.”
Tobo’an lomot ana leneb a di’ pilinigan.
“Moss will grow on a wall that is not cleaned.”
DERIVED FORMS
magtobo’
to grow; sprout.
mitobo’en
about to sprout; about to emerge.
nitobo’
growing; sprouting.
tominobo’
grew; sprouted; emerged.
tobo’an
to grow on; grow from; develop upon a surface, host, or substrate.
pitobo’an
currently sprouting on something or someone; in the process of emerging.
patobo’
growth promoter; something that encourages growth.
parapatobo’
grower; cultivator; propagator.
patorotobo’
continually or repeatedly sprouting.
TOBO’ MORPHOLOGICAL FAMILY
| FORM | Formula | Function | Meaning | Example |
| tobo’ | ROOT | Basic lexical root | grow; sprout; emerge | Tominobo’ na yo ngipen. “The tooth has already erupted.” |
| tominobo’ | <t-om-in-> + ROOT | Perfective / completed growth event | grew; sprouted; emerged | Agko mga tominobo’ sa kinamokam. “Things have sprouted in the swidden field.” |
| nitobo’ | ni- + ROOT | Progressive aspect | growing; sprouting | — |
| mitobo’en | mi- + ROOT + -en | Prospective aspect | about to sprout; about to emerge | — |
| magtobo’ | mag- + ROOT | Future / general actor-focus growth | grow; sprout | — |
| tobo’an | ROOT + -an | Locative-host derivation | grow on; grow from; develop upon a surface, host, or substrate | Tobo’an lomot ana leneb a di’ pilinigan. “Moss will grow on a wall that is not cleaned.” |
| pitobo’an | pi- + ROOT + -an | Affected host currently undergoing growth | currently sprouting on something or someone; in the process of emerging | Pitobo’an ngipen a agin. “The child is teething.” / Pitobo’an lomot ana leneb. “Moss is growing on the wall.” |
| patobo’ | pa- + ROOT | Causative / promotive derivation | cause to grow; promote growth; growth enhancer | Patobo’ nin tanem. “Plant growth promoter.” |
| parapatobo’ | para- + pa- + ROOT | Agentive derivation | grower; cultivator; propagator | Parapatobo’ sira nin abaka. “They are abaca growers.” |
| patorotobo’ | pa- + t + -oro- + ROOT | Iterative / frequentative derivation | keep sprouting; repeatedly emerge; continually grow | — |
| talobo’ | ta- + ROOT | Abstract/result nominalization | growth; development; increase in size | Di’ nitalobo’ ana agin. “The child did not grow.” / Maloya ana talobo’ nya tanem. “The plant’s growth is slow.” |
| nagkatobo’ | nagka- + ROOT | Spontaneous collective emergence | sprouted; appeared naturally in quantity | Nagkatobo’ sa kamokam. “Mushrooms have sprouted in the swidden field.” |
| tobo’ (mushroom) | ROOT (lexical noun) | Lexical noun | mushroom | Mangoko akong tobo’. “I am going to gather mushrooms.” |
| manobo’ | maN- + tobo’ → manobo’ | Gathering/foraging derivation | to gather mushrooms; go mushroom hunting | Manobo’ ako. “I am going mushroom gathering.” |
| mipanobo’on | mi- + paN- + tobo’ + -on | Prospective gathering derivation | about to go mushroom gathering | Mipanobo’on ako. “I am about to go mushroom gathering.” |