Boie'nen (Old Buhi Language)
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laos

Phonetic
[‘lˈʌ̆:ɔːːs]
English: Translation
Refers to the concept of "missing" or "failing to hit" a target, and through various prefixes and morphological processes, it generates a range of related meanings, including "dodging", "evading", and "successfully avoiding" physical attacks or objects.
Notes

The root "laos" is associated with ideas of failure, evasion, agency, and completed actions, showcasing the complexity and nuance of the Boie'nen language.

laos: (verb): to miss, fail to hit, miss a target; fail to hit a target
   - Implies a lack of precision or success in achieving a goal, specifically in physical targets or objectives.
   - Example: "Laos yo batons binarabad sa’ken." (The rock thrown at me missed.)

Lexeme Analysis

1. *laos*: miss a target; fail to hit a target
   - Implies a lack of precision or success in achieving a goal, specifically in physical targets or objectives.
   - Example: "Laos yo batons binarabad sa’ken." (The rock thrown at me missed.)
2. *palaos* (pa- [Causative-Infinitive Prefix] + root): to quickly move to evade or duck from oncoming attack, physical attack, or falling/oncoming object
   - The prefix "pa-" conveys agency and action, emphasizing dodging or evading.
   - Example: "Palaos yo ginibo niya." (Dodge is what he did.)
3. *pominalaos* (palaos + -omin- [Completed action prefix]): ducked, made a move of ducking or dodging to avoid a blow or hit
   - The prefix "-omin-" indicates a finished or completed action, highlighting successful execution.
   - Example: "Pominalaos si Andoy." (Andoy ducked.)
4. *nakapalaos* (naka- [prefix equivalent to “was able to”] + palaos): was able to successfully avoid a hit or blow by ducking
   - The prefix "naka-" conveys ability or capability, emphasizing successful outcome.
   - Example: "Maray ta nakapalaos iya." (Good that he was able to duck/dodge.)

*Possible Lexemes and Definitions*

- *laos* (root): failure to achieve a target or objective\

  • *laos* (verb): to miss, fail to hit\
  • *palaos* (verb): to dodge, evade, duck\
  • *pomalaos* (verb): to make anticipatory dodging, evading, or ducking (anticipatory action)\
  • *pominalaos* (verb): to have successfully dodged, evaded, or ducked (completed successful action)\
  • *nakapalaos* (verb): to have successfully dodged or evaded (emphasizing ability)\
  • *nipalaos* (ni- [Aspectual sense, tense prefix indicating ongoing/progressive action] + palaos): the act of dodging or evading (nominalization)\
  • *pinalaosan* (palaos + -in- [Completed action infix] + an- [Object focus suffix]): the state of purposely missing the target, being dodged or evaded, or object/person used to shield against oncoming hit or blow

*Key Concepts*

- Failure or lack of precision\

  • Evasion or dodging\
  • Agency and action\
  • Completed or successful actions

The derivational polysemy of "laos" showcases the complexity and nuance of Boie'nen's morphological processes, allowing for a range of related meanings from missing a target to successfully avoiding a blow.