kina

Part of speech: temporal adverb; prospective temporal formative

Definition:

Examples:

Kina ga’bina nanaman.

“Later it will be evening again.”

Kinang mga alasingko.

“Later, at about five o’clock.”

Kinangalassinko.

“Later at five o’clock.”

Notes:

kina is fundamentally prospective: it points forward along the timeline. It contrasts structurally with backward-looking nyadto and present-centered ngowan.

It is especially productive in compounds and tightly bound temporal expressions:

kina + TIME → forthcoming occurrence of that time

However, its productivity is semantic rather than unrestricted morphological concatenation. It combines naturally with relative temporal expressions such as parts of the day and near-future intervals, but not necessarily with named weekdays.

Thus:

kinaodma’

“tomorrow”

but normally:

Sa Domingo.

“this coming Sunday”

rather than *Kina Domingo.

Related words:

ngowan — now; today; then

nyadto — formerly; previously

kinaodma’ — tomorrow

kinangpita’ — later/this coming morning

kinangapon — this coming afternoon

kinangga’bi — later tonight; this evening

kina’sa — day after tomorrow